Boy Who Got Surgery as a Teenager Believes He Is Transgender Again
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What the boxing over a 7-year-erstwhile trans girl could hateful for families nationwide
Legislators want to take a say in whether Luna Younger should be immune to socially transition.
Around age iii, Luna Younger started asking to wear dresses. Since the historic period of v, she has insisted she is a girl. Now Luna is 7, and during court hearings, physicians, school staff, and family members have all testified that Luna has consistently, persistently identified as a daughter.
While Luna's mother respects her daughter'south gender identity — letting her clothing what she chooses, whether it'due south nail polish, dresses, or longer hair — Luna's begetter does not. He insists Luna is not transgender. These polarizing differences over how to enhance and treat a child are why trans families and advocates, as well as conservatives, take been closely watching the custody boxing over the Coppell, Texas, trans girl.
Later on 15 months in courtroom, on Oct 22, the jury awarded Luna'due south female parent, Anne Georgulas, full conservatorship of her daughter. Information technology was a decision that brought relief to the trans community and outraged conservatives who believe supporting a trans child'due south gender identity is tantamount to child abuse.
People were so riled upward online, some sent threats to Georgulas; she was "viciously attacked and threatened by complete strangers," her attorneys told the Daily Caller. Several prominent Texas officials even added to the fray, including Republican Gov. Greg Abbott, who promised to order the state's child protective services to investigate Georgulas. State Rep. Steve Toth said he would propose a bill to "add 'Transitioning of a Modest' as Child Abuse."
FYI the thing of 7 year onetime James Younger is existence looked into past the Texas Attorney Full general's Office and the Texas Department of Family unit and Protective Services. #JamesYounger
— Greg Abbott (@GregAbbott_TX) October 23, 2019
Two days after the debate boiled over online, Estimate Kim Cooks decided to vacate the jury determination. Instead, she granted the parents "articulation managing conservatorship," which is the equivalent of joint custody in Texas. (Cooks has maintained that she did non make her determination based on any regime official's opinion; she has not responded to Vox'southward request for annotate.) While Georgulas, a pediatrician, had requested that the court order Luna's father, Jeffrey Younger, to respect their girl'due south gender identity, Cooks said that "the Court finds that the Country of Texas has no compelling involvement to justify such interference."
The ruling has brought more questions than answers: When one parent honors her child's gender identity and the other does not, what does that mean for the child? More specifically, what will it mean for her socialization, her mental well-being, and who she'due south allowed to exist?
Trans advocates say Cooks'southward determination is a dangerous misstep. "Transgender children are among the most vulnerable members of the side by side generation," Gillian Branstetter, media relations manager at the National Middle for Transgender Equality, told Vocalization. "We know they experience any variety of godawful barriers to their own success, including bullying and harassment, including psychological distress, often resulting from such harassment, [and] family unit rejection. … It does a serious disservice to those kids to give whatever incentive for a parent to reject their child for who they are."
On Tuesday, Georgulas filed to appeal the guess's ruling, according to a press release from a family unit representative. The mother is asking Cooks to recuse herself after allegedly posting about the example on her personal Facebook while deliberations were ongoing. This is after the judge had placed a gag lodge on Georgulas and Younger from commenting nearly the case, acknowledging that the publicity from it was affecting Luna's and her twin brother's privacy and well-being. (Georgulas and Younger are still currently nether gag order; Younger's chaser did not return Vox'due south request for comment.)
Since the verdict, a representative for Georgulas, Karen Hirsch, said that a rock was thrown through a window at Georgulas'due south firm while the children were sleeping and that Georgulas has been forced to close her pediatric practice later dead animals and graffiti were left outside the door. Meanwhile, parents in Luna's neighborhood are agape to send their children to class after Younger had named the school online — they feel their children could be in danger from those trying to set on Luna.
The example has hit a humid signal where lives feel threatened and trans families within and outside of Texas feel dangerous — all over whether a kid should exist allowed to wear a dress and be called "she" and "her."
Before the custody battle, Luna'southward male parent launched a entrada to "save" his child that's been championed by the far right
The legal battle over Luna — and, ultimately, how she is immune to identify — reached a tipping betoken in August 2018 when Georgulas filed for a restraining order against Younger, specifically seeking to prevent him from entering Luna'south school and telling people "that the gender of Luna is different than a girl named Luna."
In response, Younger petitioned for full conservatorship that same month. Up until this point, he had been allowed to come across his kids in one case a week for ii hours and on the first, third, and fifth weekends of each month since 2017, though court testimony indicates he frequently skipped his visitation days. He likewise launched a social media entrada to "relieve" his kid from the supposed harm of transitioning. For a child of Luna'south age, this is solely social and consists of keeping her hair long, choosing her own article of clothing, and using a feminine name and pronouns.
However, the bourgeois campaign spread incorrect fears that Georgulas was seeking to immediately "chemically castrate" the child — a misinformed, scary-sounding reference to hormone medications that would suppress Luna'southward testosterone production and supercede it with estrogen, which would typically exist years in Luna's future, according to standard medical guidelines. The just plans Georgulas had, according to court transcripts, was to take Luna to a Children's Health clinic for transgender kids in Dallas. There, they would discuss a plan for potentially starting her on puberty blockers, which are reversible, in the next few years if Luna's gender dysphoria persists. (The clinic did not return Vox'southward requests for comment.)
Seizing on Younger's narrative of Georgulas manipulating her child, right-wing media outlets similar LifeSiteNews and the Daily Wire also accused Georgulas of forcing Luna to be transgender "because she wanted a daughter." But that claim seems rather flimsy because Georgulas has two older daughters from a prior matrimony.
In court testimony, Georgulas said that she would prefer if Luna were not transgender, but she supports her child'south gender identity regardless of her own feelings. "From my cognition every bit a pediatrician and too from the research I've washed, information technology is meliorate to affirm for the psychological well-being of the child … [doctors recommended] that we assert the child's choices, whatever those choices are," she said.
Meanwhile, Younger made the bourgeois media circuit rounds, insisting it was Georgulas who was forcing Luna to present every bit a girl. Luna "presents equally a male child with me and [she] presents as a girl with his mom," Younger told LifeSiteNews, a bourgeois Christian website, in September. "[She] gets dressed equally a boy at [her] mother'southward habitation and [she] comes out to me as a male child. That means that [she's] comfortable as a boy at [her] female parent's dwelling house." Georgulas and others who have testified accept disputed this latter office, maxim information technology was Younger forcing Luna to present every bit a boy.
Maternal arraign appears to be common when information technology comes to trans children of estranged couples. While data on the number of trans children involved in custody disputes doesn't yet exist, a Family Court Review written report released before this year examined the cases of 10 divorced mothers who affirm their kid's trans- and gender non-conforming identities. In each of the 10 cases, the kid's father blamed the affirming mother for "causing" the kid to be trans, and courts gave a favorable ruling to the begetter in iv of those cases. Nevertheless, "parents probably accept little or no influence on the child's core feelings that ascertain him or her as gender typical or gender variant," the study said.
Overall, conservative media has used the custody case to non merely bash transgender people ("When they come up for your child" blared a headline in the American Conservative, which was followed by a roundup of disinformation), just to demonize a mother and small child. "Information technology has resulted in threats, harassment, and even vandalism of my client's property," attorneys for Georgulas told the Daily Caller in a statement.
Despite how the far right has painted Georgulas, it is Younger's character that has come up under legal scrutiny. According to courtroom documents of the disparateness of his and Georgulas's marriage, the court constitute that Younger lied almost multiple aspects of his life: his career, his previous marriages, his income, his educational activity, and even his military machine service. Information technology was enough for a Texas court to annul their six-year union because information technology was entered into under fraudulent terms.
Judge Cooks also called out Younger for profiting off a violation of his family's privacy. "The father finds condolement in public controversy and attention surrounded by his use of unfounded facts and is thus motivated by financial gain of approximately $139,000 which he has received at the price of the protection and privacy of his children," she wrote in her judgment, referring to a crowdfunding and merchandising scheme launched last year by Younger.
Even conservative pundit Glenn Beck expressed business organization over Younger'southward past. On his radio show, he read the court's findings of fact showing that Younger acted aggressively toward Georgulas's older daughters, withholding their possessions, locking them in their rooms, and forcing them to practise "plank push button-ups" until they agreed to follow house rules.
That aggressiveness was also directed at Luna, according to Georgulas's attorney Kim Meaders. "[Luna] has said to CPS that she is agape of her male parent," she said in her opening statement. "Her blood brother has said that she is lamentable and her begetter makes her sad. By making her clothes in boys' clothes, that makes Luna pitiful."
What'southward currently at pale is Luna's social transitioning
Perhaps the greatest falsehood of all, according to official court records, is that Luna hasn't been clear about how she identifies.
According to a transcript of a July 10, 2018, hearing in the instance, Luna's twin blood brother, a CPS worker, a therapist, and a pediatrician all attest to Luna's gender identity as a girl. The medical professionals who have seen Luna have recommended she be affirmed and treated equally a girl, and it's Younger who refuses to accept his child's gender identity.
In April 2017, Luna asked to be referred to past the name Luna. At age 5, Luna was diagnosed by a qualified professional person therapist as having gender dysphoria, distress stemming from a mismatch between her nascence sex and her gender identity. Her pediatrician noted that at both her v-year and 6-year checkups, Luna presented as a girl and has been persistent in her gender identity throughout her childhood.
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"The father doesn't follow the recommendations of the advisor or the pediatrician, and he shames her to try to make her feel bad for wanting to apparel equally a girl," Meaders, Georgulas's chaser, told the court. "Even though the father knows she wants super-long hair, he shaves her head when he has the opportunity and leaves the other twin boy's hair long," referring to her twin brother Jude.
It is the hair-shaving detail that stands out as especially cruel to trans people and advocates. "Luna'southward begetter has been very insistent on cutting her hair extremely short, and that is like one of my girl's biggest dysphoric points," Jane, a Dallas-area mother of a trans child who knows Luna (and whose proper noun has been changed for this story) told Phonation. "For her, all of this is about the fact that Luna is being forced to have short hair. She doesn't understand all the other ramifications."
Luna's pilus figures so prominently in this case because at age seven, hair is often the only differentiating physical indicator of a child'southward gender. Clothed, boys' and girls' bodies at that age are essentially the same, having not yet undergone whatever effects from puberty. A trans child at age 7 does not make permanent changes to their body, despite what Younger claims Georgulas wants to do.
Ultimately, the dispute at this electric current stage — and several years into the future — is over Luna's social transition: how she wears her hair, what clothes she wears, her proper name, and pronouns.
"In that location is no medical intervention of any sort prior to someone hitting puberty," Dr. Joshua Safer, executive managing director at the Center for Transgender Medicine and Surgery at Mount Sinai and president of the United States Professional Association for Transgender Health, told Voice. "Then small children exercise not go medicines and small children practise not become surgeries, for sure.
"The standard approach when kids are gender expansive — when they say they're transgender, when they think they're transgender, whatever that might happen, to become a clue that this might exist going on — is pretty much to mind to the kid and to kind of follow their guidance in terms of what they want to do, what the child wants to do," he added.
Safer says information technology's important to develop an individualized plan for mental and physical health for gender dysphoric kids and adolescents. Varying degrees of family unit support for transition means coexisting mental wellness bug are important to examine for any trans kid; there's no i-size-fits-all solution for all kids. Nearly of all, the child must feel comfy with the program.
Genecis, the Children's Health dispensary where Georgulas wanted to Luna to receive care, makes information technology articulate on its website that it does not perform gender-related surgeries. In providing comprehensive, age-advisable mental wellness and hormonal care for trans youth and adolescents, information technology follows established guidelines from major medical associations in its handling. The jury'southward decision, before it was overruled by the judge, would have allowed her to Luna to receive intendance at the dispensary without Younger'due south approving. At present she won't be able to.
Co-ordinate to court transcripts, Younger had missed several appointments with medical professionals who accept worked with Luna, claiming to want opinions from other providers. Notwithstanding, at the time, he hadn't followed through on those requests.
Over the by decade, medical experts have moved from "watchful waiting" to a gender-affirming approach for trans children
Boiling under the surface of the custody boxing is a medical dispute over how best to treat and support children with gender dysphoria. Younger claimed in court that he supports the "watchful waiting" approach to dysphoric youth. Watchful waiting wasn't given its name until 2012, but it's based on an older approach developed past Dutch and Canadian clinicians in the mid-to-late aughts that suggests that parents must ensure their children perform the part of their assigned sex at nativity.
Under watchful waiting, a prepubescent trans girl like Luna would be forced to maintain short hair, wear stereotypical boy clothes, form friendships with boys her age, maintain her birth name and pronouns under the belief that it's statistically likely that her dysphoria will desist by the fourth dimension puberty begins. If Luna's dysphoria does persist, but then would she be given puberty blockers, and then she tin mature before making a more than permanent decision on hormone treatment.
Political forces opposed to social transitions for children are fond of saying "permit kids be kids" — just watchful waiting seems counterintuitive to that goal.
"Watchful waiting is a deceptive term," said Kelley Winters, a author and consultant on issues of gender variety in medical and public policy, told Vox. "At that place's nothing neutral. It'southward meant to sound effectively neutral, and in that location'southward nothing neutral well-nigh forcing trans kids to spend their childhoods in the closet and abound upward with absolutely no memories of being authentically present in their entire childhood."
The arroyo is based on older statistics that as many as lxxx pct of children with gender dysphoria will eventually desist and grow into cisgender adults. But those numbers, according to Safer, are flawed.
"In terms of that desistance lxxx percent comment, that'due south an old Dutch written report where they didn't ask the edgeless question near your gender identity to these kids," he said. "They kind of danced around the topic with a agglomeration of other questions and kind of assumed they knew the gender identities, but I don't know that it shows much of annihilation. Information technology just shows that 80 percent of kids who answer questions in a stereotypical way, that you think might be associated with gender identity, terminate up not being transgender. But there's a lot of bias in the questions."
At consequence is the fact that when the Dutch and Canadian studies were conducted, the official diagnosis for gender-variant kids was "gender identity disorder." In order to be diagnosed with GID, a child merely had to display cross-gender dress or behavior, regardless of whether they declared themselves to actually be a member of the reverse sex. The issue of this diagnosis is that cisgender gay and lesbian children, who besides oft brandish cross-gender preferences without declaring themselves to exist the opposite gender before puberty, were caught upward in the clinicians' studies and so of course they would "desist" afterward on.
Even Thomas Steensma, a researcher and clinician at the Heart of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria in Amsterdam and a proponent for watchful waiting, has noted the earlier samples may take included "milder cases" that are "hard to compare with the clinical samples nosotros see now in our clinics," in an interview with KQED last year. Simply he still urged caution with social transitioning of prepubescent children. "With certain steps similar a name change or a pronoun alter, with a consequence that maybe others will only perceive y'all as a daughter — that's somewhere where we say, 'Okay, mayhap you lot should explore things without taking steps that are hard to reverse.'" (Steensma hasn't returned Vox'due south request for comment.)
In 2012, gender identity disorder was changed to the less stigmatizing term "gender dysphoria," distress resulting from a mismatch betwixt the child's natal gender and their internal sense of their gender identity. Nowadays, in order to qualify for a gender dysphoria diagnosis, the child must be persistent, insistent, and consistent in their gender identity over a long period of time, criteria that didn't be nether the older diagnosis.
Similarly, watchful waiting as a concept has been pushed to the fringes in American medicine equally of late, as information technology is seen as needlessly punitive to the child. Instead, what'southward more commonly recommended is the affirming method, which allows gender-expansive children to more freely experiment with their gender expression, trying on new names or pronouns as needed. It'southward an individualized approach without permanent outcomes. Rather than attempting to fix a prepubescent child's perceived gender-related "disorder," the affirming approach, which recommends social transitioning if the kid wants it, seeks to lessen the actual dysphoria experienced past the child without medical treatment.
The affirming model has been recommended past almost every major American medical association, including the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Medical Association, the American Psychological Association, the Endocrine Club, the World Professional Association for Transgender Wellness, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and many others. "What is most important is for a parent to heed, respect and back up their child's self-expressed identity. This encourages open conversations that may be hard simply cardinal to the kid's mental health and the family unit's resilience and wellbeing," wrote Jason Rafferty, a physician at Hasbro Children's Hospital in Providence, Rhode Island, and a professor at Brownish University, in a key AAP statement on affirming the gender identities of trans youth released last October.
"The kid isn't going to brainwash him or herself into being transgender [if their gender identity is affirmed]," Safer said. "They're going to say how they feel and you lot can pretty much exist respectful and they won't be railroaded into annihilation, which I think is the anxiety that people even so accept, and there was some feet in the by in the medical institution, but I think the medical establishment is getting more and more comfortable that that does not seem like a likely effect."
Critics of the affirming model fret that cisgender kids may unknowingly get caught upwardly in a gender transition that they will later come to regret, but according to Safer, the primal is to be cautious and continue communication open with kids. The ones who are certain of themselves will continuously tell you then.
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Safer has said that inside his previous practice in Boston and his current one in New York City, he'due south seen less than 1 percent of his own patients, amid several hundred cases, finish upwardly desisting. "Nosotros certainly don't want to exist taking transgender kids and not treating them because we know we're not perfect in our agreement," he said. "There are opportunities, again, to become ho-hum and there'southward a real range. The kids who are sure of their gender identity, those are not the kids who come dorsum ten years later and say that it was wrong to do the treatment."
Co-ordinate to a 2016 Academy of Washington study of 73 children with gender dysphoria, trans kids who are affirmed in their gender identity showed typical rates of depression and just slightly elevated rates of feet compared to their non-transgender peer groups. "These findings suggest that familial back up in full general, or specifically via the conclusion to allow their children to socially transition, may be associated with better mental health outcomes among transgender children," the written report said.
Meanwhile, a 2018 written report shows that using a trans child's chosen name and pronouns significantly reduces suicide risk.
By the time Luna persists to the phase where her family would need to consider puberty blockers, which co-ordinate to Georgulas's testimony is sometime betwixt the ages of nine and 11, she would have been persistent, insistent, and consistent in her gender identity for at least 6 years, with some other two or and so years to get before having to make a decision about whether to pursue puberty as a daughter through the use of cantankerous-sex hormones.
While puberty blockers merely act as a pause on an adolescent'south natal puberty, cross-sexual practice hormones would exist used to initiate the puberty of the opposite sex if the teen's dysphoria still persists. Blockers are a tool to keep permanent changes from natal puberty from taking place then that adolescents age 9 to 14 tin exist more than mentally mature before deciding on the grade of their permanent treatment when the time comes, according to Safer. Cantankerous-sex hormones would hateful testosterone injections for trans boys and a combination of a testosterone blocker in addition to estrogen for trans girls. Safer says it's a careful and cautious system that as well respects the autonomy young trans people should have over their ain lives and bodies.
Yet, ultra-conservatives and trans-exclusionary radical feminists, along with some extreme sexologists, take other ideas for those children'south futures, lobbying to ban puberty blockers and cantankerous-sexual practice hormones for all minors. While they've tried to advisable the "watchful waiting" description, their approach is more traditionally known as the "reparative method," a form of conversion therapy. They appeal to the fallacy that natal puberty is natural and therefore necessary for all kids.
Only this approach would forcefulness trans girls into male person puberty and trans boys into female puberty without their consent, and brings along its own permanent changes, which could only partially be reversed through painful and expensive medical treatments in adulthood. Trans women forced through male puberty would and so take to undergo painful and expensive electrolysis to remove facial hair and may be left with a body frame (shoulder and hip width) that would exist unchangeable by any surgeries. Trans men would have to take surgery to remove their breasts and, similar their trans female counterparts, be forced to live in an unwanted body frame for their entire lives.
And then there are the repercussions of depriving adolescents of social transitioning. Forcing trans people to wait until adulthood deprives them of a childhood where they tin be their full selves. Gendered socialization is besides missed, dumping developed trans people into a new gender office without the experience to handle frail gendered social situations such every bit dating or employment. Trans women are often perceived as likewise aggressive after transitioning in the workplace, thanks to sexist gender expectations. Allowing for an earlier social transition would let trans adolescents learn how to handle these situations on the same time scale equally their cisgender peers.
However, those most invested in maintaining a strict gender dichotomy are the same crowd that's ardently opposed to the beingness of trans people, specially trans kids.
Luna's case has fueled the conservative war on transgender people
Across the larger questions over how to treat gender expansive and dysphoric children, the Luna Younger example serves every bit yet some other battlefield in the conservative war against the transgender customs at large. What concerns Jane, the Dallas-area parent of a trans child, though, is how powerful land and federal officials take taken aim at individual trans children in order to push button their political agenda.
"I'm really concerned about what this looks similar moving forward in politics that our politicians here in Texas, our legislators that are supposed to exist protecting all children, are explicitly targeting a 7-twelvemonth-old for their ain political proceeds," she said. "That's actually frightening that they're stooping to those levels."
In add-on to Governor Abbott, Texas Sen. Ted Cruz and the president's son, Donald Trump Jr., a frequent commenter on trans bug, likewise chimed in on the case, both calling Luna's transition "child corruption."
Riding the moving ridge of conservative outrage, Texas legislator Matt Krause has floated the thought of banning the use of puberty blockers in gender dysphoric children in the country, a movement which, if replicated in other states, could rip thousands of adolescents off of gender-affirming treatment and force trans girls similar Luna to develop facial and body hair in addition to stereotypically male secondary sex characteristics without her consent. Or it could force her to travel hundreds of miles out of state to seek the same treatment.
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Beau Republican legislator Steve Toth promised on Twitter that the outset pecker in the next legislative session in 2021 would aim at designating affirming a trans child's gender identity as child abuse nether state law. This would mean the state would legislate the clothes, name, and hair of a child.
The move confronting trans kids has also spread beyond Texas state lines. Early on terminal week, Georgia Republican land Rep. Ginny Ehrhart proposed the "Vulnerable Child Protection Act," which would make it illegal for medical providers to consider whatever treatment which would effect in "sterilization, mastectomy, vasectomy, castration and other forms of genital mutilation," many of which are not treatments considered for trans adolescents. All the same, Ehrhart's bill would also ban puberty blockers and cross-sex hormones for every private under the historic period of xviii. A similar bill has also been floated by a Kentucky country lawmaker following the Younger case.
Among the disinformation tossed effectually by conservative media recently was a study that the puberty-blocking drug Lupron was responsible for the death of thousands of people. Notwithstanding, an NBC News report on the controversy institute that the drug'southward chief usage is to treat hormone-dependent cancers such as final prostate cancer and the drug was used every bit part of treatment and was not the cause of decease in those cases.
Branstetter said that the Younger case in particular is unsafe because it's so personal for one family. "This has been a constant disinformation war amongst a legion of conservative media sites that has sought to disparage transgender people and to fearfulness-monger virtually our health care," she said. "To play into those easily, as the governor has done in this case, it'southward exploitative. It is using a family and a child as a means to score political points and y'all're doing so without their consent."
Jane said the attending to the case has given her serious doubts nigh her public advocacy every bit a parent of a trans child in Texas. She has hired Information technology professionals to monitor her family's tech and installed additional security cameras around her business firm. "Information technology's been actually, really stressful, intense," she said. "And lots of tears, lots of sleepless nights. And lots of phone calls from other people figuring out how they tin can support this family unit."
Already, the attending from land and national conservative politicians has had a chilling effect on trans-supportive parents. Several Texas-based parents of trans kids declined to speak with Vox for this story because they were specifically afraid of the governor calling CPS on them. Branstetter notes that many parents of trans kids keep what's called a "safe book," which documents every instance of appreciable gender dysphoria and every medical and psychological appointment because strangers who disagree with allowing children to socially transition often call CPS with accusations of child abuse. 1 clinician who was approached for an interview for this story had been told past their institution not to comment for a slice that mentioned "ongoing litigation."
While Texas families with trans kids fright official government retaliation for supporting their children's transitions, the family at the center of the example is left to deal with the fallout. Lost in the media frenzy and the court dispute has been Luna'southward own voice on the matter. "In her young mind, what this boils down to is she thinks that all of this courtroom stuff is then she doesn't have to cutting her hair anymore," Karen Hirsch, a family unit friend of Georgulas who is acting as a media contact, told Vocalisation. "That's what information technology comes downwards to for her. She merely wants to be a girl. She doesn't want all of [this] conflict."
As of terminal week, Gauge Cooks granted Younger an extra school day of custody a calendar week. Hirsch said that Younger dressed Luna as a male child and sent her off to class on Tuesday. When she arrived, "the teacher had extra wearing apparel and said that if you want to change, you may change," Hirsch said.
And when mom and dad weren't around and couldn't influence Luna i way or the other, what did she choose to do?
Hirsch said Luna chose to wear the apparel.
Source: https://www.vox.com/identities/2019/11/11/20955059/luna-younger-transgender-child-custody
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